独立主格

回忆一下非谓语动词对从句的简化：

• Because he was invited by the wolf, the rabbit decided to go to the party.

  因为兔子被狼邀请了，所以兔子决定去参加聚会。

  => Invited by the wolf, the rabbit decided to go to the party.

  因为兔子被狼邀请了，所以兔子决定去参加聚会。

  这里省略掉了Because he was表达的意思还是相同的。

• Because the wolf invited him, the rabbit decided to go to the party.

  因为狼邀请了兔子，所以兔子决定去参加聚会了。

  => The wolf inviting him, the rabbit decided to go to the party.

  因为狼邀请了兔子，所以兔子决定去参加聚会了。

  后者这个句子的主干是：the rabbit decided to go to the party。前面The wolf inviting him中，invite这个动作是由the wolf发出的，不是真正的主语the rabbit发出的，这里the wolf称为invite的逻辑主语（这就是独立主格结构中的「独立主格」）。

  它是逻辑主语理解为「主格」很合适，那为什么独立呢？

  因为它是独立于真正的主语the rabbit的。

上面引出了独立主格的概念，下面看一下独立主格结构对从句的简化：

• If the weather permits, the rabbit will go out.

  如果过天气允许，兔子就会出门。

  => The weather permitting, the rabbit will go out.

• After the work was finished, the rabbit went home.

  工作完成后，兔子回家了。

  => The work finished, the rabbit went home.

• The rabbit is lying in bed and carrot is still held in his hand.

  兔子正躺在床上，胡萝卜仍在他手中。

  => The rabbit is lying in bed, a carrot still held in his hand.

  这里把并列句转换为一个句子了

上面说的只是独立主格的两种形式：名词 + 现在分词/过去分词

实际上独立主格的形式有：

• 名词+现在分词

  the wolf inviting him

• 名词+过去分词

  a carrot held in the hand

• 名词+动词不定式

  The rabbit to come, the wolf is overjoyed.

  兔子要来，狼乐翻天

  rabbit为名词，to come是动词不定式（一般表示将要发生的动作）

• 代词（或名词）+名词

  Many animals went to the party, some of them rabbits and wolves.

  许多动物去了聚会，它们中的一些事兔子和狼。

  some为不定代词，rabbits and wolves为名词

• 代词（或名词）+形容词

  Many animals went to the party, some of them happy.

  许多动物去了聚会，它们中的一些很开心

  some为不定代词，happy为形容词

• 代词（或名词)+副词

  The rabbit sat on a chair, head down.

  head为名词，down为副词

• 代词（或名词)+介词短语

  The rabbit came in, carrot in hand.

  carrot为名词，in hand为介词短语

• …

可以发现它们更像是：名词/代词 + being + …

例如：

还有一种形式：

• “with” + 宾语 + 宾语补足语

  • The work finished, the rabbit went home.

    工作完成后，兔子回家了

    => With the work finished, the rabbit went home.

    可以发现一般这个with是被省略了的。

    一般省略with还会省略别的结构，例如：

    The rabbit came in, with a carrot in his hand.

    兔子进来了，手里拿着一根胡萝卜。

    => The rabbit came in, carrot in hand.

    这里直接就把冠词a和物主代词his都省略掉了

独立主格还是要和非谓语一起用的，要学好了非谓语才好。